[Modern view on the effectiveness of surgical methods for treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is not only a widespread pathology, but also has far-reaching social consequences due to patients' poor quality of nighttime sleep and high daytime sleepiness. To date, a large number of methods, both conservative and surgical, have been developed for the treatment of OSA. Surgeries performed for OSA are aimed at correcting the structures of the nose, pharynx, larynx, as well as the hyoid and jaw bones and the muscles attached to them.

Gut Microbiota and the Ways to Correct it in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Approximately 13% of the Russian population suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such a high prevalence of the disease, as well as the complexity and high cost of renal replacement therapy, explain the need for developing and implementing new approaches to treat patients at the pre-dialysis stages. The data collected in recent decades highlight the importance of gut microbiota in the progression of CKD.

[Gut microbiota in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis].

Microorganisms in human life play a huge role: in particular, those that coexist with the host organism, inhabiting the skin, upper respiratory tract, external genitalia and especially the digestive tract. The intestinal microbiota, including bacteriome, mycobiome and virome, not only takes part in the digestion process, but also provides the synthesis of a number of vitamins. The intestinal microbiome also serves as the basis for a system of extensive bidirectional neuroendocrine pathways that connect microbiota with various regions of the central nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, and the peripheral parts of the autonomic nervous system.

Intestinal Microbiota Correction in the Treatment and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection.

Intestinal microbiota is a topical subject of modern research. The maintenance of a healthy intestinal micro biota is an important component of homeostasis, and violations of its composition and functions, called dysbiosis, are associated with a number of diseases, including urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial therapy leads to significant changes in the intestinal microbiota and causes the possibility of urinary tract infection recurrence.

Psychosomatic Aspects and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Pathology.

The frequency of instances of diseases of the digestive system has increased in recent years. The pattern of diseases changes: the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract (gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, duodenitis) is the most prevalent. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common, recurrent and comorbid gastroenterological diseases, with a prevalence of 30% in Western Europe and 10% in East Asia in the adult population.