Effect of HIV Antibody VRC01 on Viral Rebound after Treatment Interruption.

Background: The discovery of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has made passive immunization a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. We sought to determine whether passive administration of VRC01, a bNAb targeting the HIV CD4-binding site, can safely prevent or delay plasma viral rebound after the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: We conducted two open-label trials (AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] A5340 and National Institutes of Health [NIH] 15-I-0140) of the safety, side-effect profile, pharmacokinetic properties, and antiviral activity of VRC01 in persons with HIV infection who were undergoing interruption of ART.

Decreased PD-1 Expression on CD8 Lymphocyte Subsets and Increase in CD8 Tscm Cells in Children with HIV Receiving Raltegravir.

We investigated the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on immune recovery, particularly on the percentages of PD-1-positive cells within the major leukocyte subsets. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma samples collected longitudinally from a subset of 13 children and adolescents (between 9.7 and 18.

The glucocorticoid antagonist RU-486 suppresses HIV infectivity and replication.

The effects of RU-486, a glucocorticoid antagonist, on HIV infection and replication in depressed and nondepressed women were studied using ex vivo models of HIV infection. RU-486 treatment of cells decreased HIV reverse transcriptase activity of monocyte-derived macrophages in a model of acute infectivity. RU-486 also decreased HIV viral replication in the chronically-infected T-cell line ACH-2, but not in the promonocyte cell line U1.

Programmed death 1 receptor changes ex vivo in HIV-infected adults following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

This study investigates the short-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on programmed death 1 receptor (PD-1) expression and lymphocyte function. We compared lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults prior to the initiation of HAART with lymphocytes from the same subjects following 2 months of treatment. Short-term HAART resulted in a moderate increase in the expression of PD-1 on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; yet, there was still a significant reduction in viral load and recovery of CD4(+) T cells.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor suppression of HIV infectivity and replication.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram would down-regulate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity and that the greatest effects would be seen in people with depression. Depression is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathobiology of depression, and pharmacologic therapies for depression target this system.