In vitro neuraminidase inhibitory concentrations (IC) of four neuraminidase inhibitors in the Japanese 2023-24 season: Comparison with the 2010-11 to 2022-23 seasons.

Introduction: To assess the susceptibility of epidemic influenza viruses to the four most used neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) during the 2023-24 influenza season in Japan, we measured the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) of oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir in virus isolates from the sample of 100 patients.

Methods: Viral isolation was done using specimens obtained before and after treatment, with the type/subtype determined by RT-PCR using type- and subtype-specific primers. IC values were determined by a neuraminidase inhibition assay using a fluorescent substrate.

Beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling of scalp electroencephalography during walking preparation in Parkinson's disease differs depending on the freezing of gait.

Introduction: Despite using beta oscillations within the subthalamic nucleus as a biomarker of akinesia or rigidity in Parkinson's disease, a specific biomarker for freezing of gait (FOG) remains unclear. Recently, scalp phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) measured through scalp electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a promising tool for analyzing brain function. In this study, we examined whether PAC could be a biomarker for FOG.

Meioc-Piwil1 complexes regulate rRNA transcription for differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells.

Ribosome biogenesis is vital for sustaining stem cell properties, yet its regulatory mechanisms are obscure. Herein, we show unique properties of zebrafish mutants in which spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) do not differentiate or upregulate rRNAs. Meioc colocalized with Piwil1 in perinuclear germ granules, but Meioc depletion resulted in Piwil1 accumulation in nucleoli.

Virological and Clinical Outcomes of Influenza Outpatients Treated With Baloxavir, Oseltamivir, or Laninamivir in the 2023-2024 Season.

Background: Clinical data on patients infected with influenza B Victoria (BV) after the approval of baloxavir is lacking.

Methods: This observational study of the Japanese 2023-2024 influenza season analyzed data from 25 outpatients with A(H1N1)pdm09, 36 with A(H3N2), and 65 with BV. Viral samples were collected before and after administering an antiviral (70 patients received baloxavir and 56 received a neuraminidase inhibitor), on days 1, 5, and 10.