Engagement in HIV care and its correlates among people who inject drugs in St Petersburg, Russian Federation and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia.

Background And Aims: HIV infection and mortality in Eastern Europe are driven by unsafe injection drug use. We sought to compare engagement in care from HIV testing through receipt of antiretroviral treatment among HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWID) in St Petersburg, Russian Federation (RF) and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia and identify factors associated significantly with failure to progress at each stage of the HIV treatment cascade.

Design: Cross-sectional biobehavioral surveys of PWID with an analysis stratified by location-two Russian-speaking regions with similar HIV epidemic histories and current prevalence.

[Endogenous amino acid imbalance from using different proteins as food in young rats].

Pronounced endogenous amino acid imbalance was seen in liver tissue and blood serum of rats kept from day 15 to day 21 of life on formula liquid diet which contained bovine serum as protein component. No disorders were found in the free amino acid ratio in liver tissue of animals who had received liquid diet in which the protein component was represented by casein (73 %) and milk serum proteins (27 %). The data obtained have been considered from the standpoint of specific requirements to the quality of milk proteins that supply the newborns with indispensable amino acids.