High Ki67 predicts unfavourable outcomes in early breast cancer patients with a clinically clear axilla who do not receive axillary dissection or axillary radiotherapy.

Aim: Axillary dissection is increasingly forgone in early breast cancer patients with a clinically negative axilla. The GRISO 053 randomised trial recruited 435 patients of age over 45 years, tumour ≤1.4 cm and clinically negative axilla, to assess the importance of axillary radiotherapy versus no axillary radiotherapy in patients not given axillary dissection.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric breast cancer: five-year results in a large series from a single institution.

Purpose: This study was designed to present the 5-year results of patients with multicentric breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in a single institution.

Methods: Between June 1999 and December 2007, 337 patients with multicentric breast cancer and a clinically negative axilla underwent lymphatic mapping by a single periareolar/peritumoral (n = 306) or a double peritumoral or subdermal injection (n = 31) of (99m)Tc-HSA nanocolloids. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) was evaluated by intraoperative frozen section and axillary dissection was performed only in cases of positive SLNB.

The evolution of the conservative approach to breast cancer.

The profound revolution that surgical treatment of breast cancer has undergone during the past 30 years has led to the progressive reduction of the extent of surgery, with less mutilation. As a consequence, quality of life has improved and women are now more motivated to follow screening programs for early diagnosis of the disease. Since conservative surgery is as effective as radical surgery, research is now focused on reducing radiotherapy.

A rare association of synchronous intraductal carcinoma of the breast and invasive carcinoma of ectopic breast tissue of the vulva: case report and literature review.

Only 17 cases of breast carcinoma arising in vulvar ectopic mammary tissue have been reported. We present a unique case of synchronous pure intraductal carcinoma of the breast (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of ectopic breast tissue of the vulva. A 53-year-old woman presented with a 2-cm nodule in left labium major of the vulva.