Multi-layered silicone-based breast tissue phantom for multi-modal optical spectroscopy.

The heterogeneity, non-uniform nature, and ethical concerns in sourcing biological tissues pose several challenges to designing, calibrating, standardizing, and evaluating the performance of spectroscopy-based diagnostic methods. A synthetic phantom module that can resemble a multi-layered tissue structure while including multiple tissue biomarkers with long-shelf life and stability is vital to overcome these challenges. This work uses a multi-layered silicone phantom to incorporate multiple biomarkers suitable for multi-modal spectroscopy testing and calibration.

Significance of isolating non-tuberculous mycobacterial organisms in infertile women with tubal disease: an observational study.

Objectives: To explore whether non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are associated with tubal disease leading to infertility.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Teaching hospital.

Effect of intraoperative trypan blue on lens epithelial cells - Histomorphological analysis.

Introduction: Trypan Blue is an acid azo dye commonly used as a stain to distinguish viable from non-viable cells. It is a vital stain used intra operatively during cataract surgery to stain the external surface of the anterior lens capsule for better visualization.

Aim: To analyze the histomorphological effects of trypan blue on Lens Epithelial cells and the Basement Membrane on direct exposure by staining the internal surface of the anterior lens capsule during Small Incision Cataract Surgery.

Development of thin skin mimicking bilayer solid tissue phantoms for optical spectroscopic studies.

spectroscopic measurements have the proven potential to provide important insight about the changes in tissue during the development of malignancies and thus help to diagnose tissue pathologies. Extraction of intrinsic data in the presence of varying amounts of scatterers and absorbers offers great challenges in the development of such techniques to the clinical level. Fabrication of optical phantoms, tailored to the biochemical as well as morphological features of the target tissue, can help to generate a spectral database for a given optical spectral measurement system.