Assessing Human Lung Pharmacokinetics Using Exhaled Breath Particles.

It remains challenging to quantify lung pharmacokinetics (PK) of a drug administered and targeted to act in the lung. Exhaled breath particles (PEx), which are generated when collapsed distal airways reopen during inhalation, offer a noninvasive way to access undiluted epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Therefore, it was the aim of this study to investigate whether PK data can be derived from PEx.

Quantifying Exhaled Particles in Healthy Humans During Various Respiratory Activities Under Realistic Conditions.

Quantitatively collecting and characterizing exhaled aerosols is vital for infection risk assessment, but the entire droplet size spectrum has often been neglected. We analyzed particle number and size distribution of healthy participants in various respiratory activities, considering inter-individual variability, and deployed a simplified far-field model to inform on infection risks. Participants repeated the same respiratory activities on two visits.

Sodium Chloride versus Lactose as a Carrier for House Dust Mite Allergen in Allergen Chamber Studies: A Clinical Study to Assess Noninferiority.

Introduction: In the Fraunhofer allergen challenge chamber (ACC), a standardized, universal, good manufacturing practice-conforming technology using a spray dried solution of lactose (L) and allergen extract has been established. In this study, we investigated the noninferiority of hypertonic sodium chloride (S) versus L as a carrier for house dust mite (HDM) allergen to simplify manufacturing, reduce costs, and allow for wider use.

Methods: Using a participant-blinded, sham exposure-controlled, single-arm, sequential intervention study, we challenged adults with HDM allergic rhinitis five times in the ACC.

[ADHS - Disorder concepts and the beginnings of pharmacotherapy in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic].

ADHS - Disorder concepts and the beginnings of pharmacotherapy in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic After sporadic references before 1900, the concept of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder became established in the 20th century. The hyperactive and inattentive child then became the focus of neuropediatrics in the wake of the encephalitis lethargica epidemic by clinical presentations of postencephalitic residual conditions. From these patients, physicians distilled a subgroup with an blank neurological history but impressive clinical symptoms.

Biologics in asthma management - Are we out of breath yet?

The biologics authorized for the add-on therapy of severe asthma are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Before they are considered for therapy intensification, the patient's asthma endotype is determined on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. So far, 5 biologics are available that target the signaling pathways of the "T2-high" asthma endotype, in which cytokines of the inflammation cascade mediated by type 2 T-helper cells are upregulated.