Pediatric Pain.

Objective: This article reviews pain disorders encountered in pediatric neurology practice and provides current information regarding the assessment and treatment of pediatric chronic pain.

Latest Developments: Data about pediatric pain management remain sparse, owing to a dearth of controlled trials and longitudinal studies in these patients. However, the field of pain management and understanding of central and peripheral pain processing has expanded to allow more effective treatment of a broad group of children and adolescents with pain associated with neurologic disease.

Opioids and Cannabinoids in Neurology Practice.

Objective: Opioid and cannabinoid therapies for chronic pain conditions including neuropathic pain are controversial. Understanding patient and prescribing factors contributing to risks and implementing risk mitigation strategies optimizes outcomes.

Latest Developments: The ongoing transformation from a biomedical model of pain care toward a biopsychosocial model has been accompanied by a shift away from opioid therapy for pain, in particular for chronic pain.

Mouse hepatitis virus JHMV I protein is required for maximal virulence.

encode a conserved accessory gene within the +1 open reading frame (ORF) of nucleocapsid called the internal N gene. This gene is referred to as "I" for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), ORF9b for severe acute respiratory CoV (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2, and ORF8b for Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). Previous studies have shown ORF8b and ORF9b have immunoevasive properties, while the only known information for MHV I is its localization within the virion of the hepatotropic/neurotropic A59 strain of MHV.

Identifying Exchangeable Protons in a 1D NMR Spectrum by Spatially Selective Exchange-Editing.

The front cover artwork is provided by Markus Rotzinger at the University of Graz, Austria. The front cover picture illustrates the way the 1D exchange-editing NMR method makes exchanging protons visible by sign alteration. The depicted spectrum of D-glucose shows all exchanging signals inverted, thus allowing a fast qualitative determination, potentially in a single scan.