Progressive natural killer cell dysfunction in advanced-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and association with clinical outcomes.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are important contributors to antitumor immunity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, their phenotype, function, and association with clinical outcomes in ccRCC remain poorly understood.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from 13 primary tumors, 1 localized tumor extension, and 1 metastasis from ccRCC patients at different clinical stages.

Nf1 mutation disrupts activity-dependent oligodendroglial plasticity and motor learning in mice.

Neurogenetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), can cause cognitive and motor impairments, traditionally attributed to intrinsic neuronal defects such as disruption of synaptic function. Activity-regulated oligodendroglial plasticity also contributes to cognitive and motor functions by tuning neural circuit dynamics. However, the relevance of oligodendroglial plasticity to neurological dysfunction in NF1 is unclear.

Tumor microenvironmental determinants of high-risk DCIS progression.

Ductal carcinoma (DCIS) constitutes an array of morphologically recognized intraductal neoplasms in the mammary ductal tree defined by an increased risk for subsequent invasive carcinomas at or near the site of biopsy detection. However, only 15-45% of untreated DCIS cases progress to invasive cancer, so understanding mechanisms that prevent progression is key to avoid overtreatment and provides a basis for alternative therapies and prevention. This study was designed to characterize the tumor microenvironment and molecular profile of high-risk DCIS that grew to a large size but remained as DCIS.