Pain and development: interacting phenomena.

For decades, clinicians and researchers have observed bidirectional relationships between child development and the pain experience in childhood. Pain in childhood is an inherently developmental phenomenon, embedded in an iterative, time-dependent process that reflects individual biological, behavioral, social, psychological, and environmental characteristics that unfold across the early life span. Childhood pain can have wide ranging effects on brain development in ways that contribute-for better and worse-to social, emotional, and cognitive well-being in childhood and on into adulthood.

ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for the Performance of Proton Beam Therapy.

Purpose: This practice parameter for the performance of proton beam radiation therapy was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the American Radium Society (ARS). This practice parameter was developed to serve as a tool in the appropriate application of proton therapy in the care of cancer patients or other patients with conditions in which radiation therapy is indicated. It addresses clinical implementation of proton radiation therapy, including personnel qualifications, quality assurance (QA) standards, indications, and suggested documentation.

"PrEPping" women's healthcare providers: motivational interviewing to support ending the HIV epidemic.

In 2018, cisgender women accounted for nearly 20% of new HIV infections, with women of color disproportionately affected. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake, adherence, and persistence are paramount to ending the HIV epidemic, but current strategies to promote it have not improved uptake among women. Alternatively, pre-exposure prophylaxis marketing and implementation have traditionally targeted men who have sex with men and transwomen.

ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Radiation Oncology.

Background: This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the American Radium Society. This practice parameter provides updated reference literature regarding radiation oncology practice and its key personnel.

Methods: This practice parameter was developed according to the process described under the heading The Process for Developing ACR Practice Parameters and Technical Standards on the ACR website ( https://www.

ACR-ARS Practice Parameter for Communication: Radiation Oncology.

Background: This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the American Radium Society (ARS). Timely, accurate, and effective communications are critical to quality and safety in contemporary medical practices. Radiation oncology incorporates the science and technology of complex, integrated treatment delivery and the art of providing care to individual patients.