Assessing Women's Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Study.

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 600 women aged 18-55 from various regions across the country. The findings revealed moderate overall STI knowledge, with gaps in understanding transmission routes (31.

Programmed Death-1 Restrains the Germinal Center in Type 1 Diabetes.

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibits T and B cell function upon ligand binding. PD-1 blockade revolutionized cancer treatment, and although numerous patients respond, some develop autoimmune-like symptoms or overt autoimmunity characterized by autoantibody production. PD-1 inhibition accelerates autoimmunity in mice, but its role in regulating germinal centers (GC) is controversial.

Predictors of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in beta-thalassemia patients with underlying red blood cells autoantibodies.

In beta-thalassemia patients, erythrocyte autoantibodies can remain silent or lead to Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).The aim of this study was to identify predictors of AIHA in beta-thalassemia patients with positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT), in Tunisia. This longitudinal prognosis study was carried out on beta-thalassemia patients with a positive confirmed DAT.

Interferon-gamma drives programmed death-ligand 1 expression on islet β cells to limit T cell function during autoimmune diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoreactive T cell-mediated β cell destruction. Even though co-inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) restrains autoimmunity, the expression and regulation of its cognate ligands on β cell remains unknown. Here, we interrogated β cell-intrinsic programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in mouse and human islets.