Understanding the factors contributing to groundwater salinity in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

The present study focused on understanding the factors responsible for groundwater salinity in the coastal region, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed for pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, CH, NCH, EA, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO, Cl, SO, NO, and F. Groundwater quality was assessed using entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI), Chadha and Gibbs diagrams, ionic ratios, chloro-alkaline indices (CA), saturation indices (SI), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).

Estimation of groundwater pollution levels and specific ionic sources in the groundwater, using a comprehensive approach of geochemical ratios, pollution index of groundwater, unmix model and land use/land cover - A case study.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of groundwater pollution and to assess the contribution of specific ionic sources to groundwater, thereby helping to identify the changes in groundwater chemistry and also in groundwater quality from a rural part of Telangana, India, using the comprehensive understanding of geochemical ratios (GR), pollution index of groundwater (PIG), unmix model (UM), and land use/land cover. Groundwater samples collected (22) from the study area were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO, Cl, SO, NO, and F The hydrogeochemical diagram showed the dominant groundwater type of Ca- Mg- HCO due to the water-soil-rock interactions. GR, chloro-alkaline indices, and saturation indices revealed the groundwater chemistry that explains the mineral weathering and dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation processes as the chief geogenic origin, and also the contamination of surface water due to the influence of household wastewater, septic tank leaks, irrigation-return-flows, chemical composts, etc.

Judging the sources of inferior groundwater quality and health risk problems through intake of groundwater nitrate and fluoride from a rural part of Telangana, India.

Evaluation of groundwater quality and related health hazards is a prerequisite for taking preventive measures. The rural region of Telangana, India, has been selected for the present study to assess the sources and origins of inferior groundwater quality and to understand the human health risk zones for adults and children due to the consumption of nitrate ([Formula: see text])- and fluoride (F)-contaminated groundwater for drinking purposes. Groundwater samples collected from the study region were determined for various chemical parameters.

Oriental freshwater mussels arose in East Gondwana and arrived to Asia on the Indian Plate and Burma Terrane.

Freshwater mussels cannot spread through oceanic barriers and represent a suitable model to test the continental drift patterns. Here, we reconstruct the diversification of Oriental freshwater mussels (Unionidae) and revise their taxonomy. We show that the Indian Subcontinent harbors a rather taxonomically poor fauna, containing 25 freshwater mussel species from one subfamily (Parreysiinae).