The Phenomenon of Compensatory Cell Proliferation in Olfactory Epithelium in Fish Caused by Prolonged Exposure to Natural Odorants.

It was previously shown that activation of the processes of neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE) can be caused after intranasal administration of toxic or neurotrophic factors, after axon transection, or as a result of bulbectomy. Our study showed for the first time that a significant increase in olfactory cell renewal can also occur in animals due to periodic chemostimulation with natural odorants (amino acids and peptides) for 15 days. Using electron and laser confocal microscopy in fish (Paracottus knerii (Cottidae), Dybowski, 1874) from Lake Baikal, we showed that periodic stimulation of aquatic organisms with a water-soluble mixture of amino acids and peptides causes stress in OE, which leads to programmed death cells and compensatory intensification of their renewal.

Rearrangement of Actin Microfilaments in the Development of Olfactory Receptor Cells in Fish.

At present, it remains poorly understood how the olfactory neuron migrates through the thick neuroepithelium during its maturation from a stem cell and how it develops a specific sensitivity to environmental odorants after maturation. We investigated the cytochemical features associated with the development of olfactory cells before and after the incorporation of dendrites into the surface of the olfactory epithelium. Using cytochemical staining for the actin cytoskeleton and other cell components, we found that immature neurons acquire a streamlined shape that resembles a «hot-dog» during their migration: a dense layer of actin microfilaments forms beneath the surface membrane of the growing dendrite, and the bulk of the nuclear material moves inside this layer.

[The possible role of nitrogen dioxide produced in the field of bifurcation of vessels, in the processes of their damage in hemorrhagic strokes, and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques].

According to modern views the formation of atherosclerotic plaques is associated with accumulation of cholesterol in the vascular wall. This is due to an imbalance between the intake of cholesterol in the intima of vessels, together with the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and its output with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Change of LDL (glycosylation, lipid peroxidation, hydrolysis of phospholipids) and the effective release of cholesterol from the endothelium of the vascular wall are the factors that cause an imbalance in cholesterol metabolism.

[Influence of carbon dioxide on the impregnation of the nervous tissue by silver].

It has been shown that 4% carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air above reaction mixture inhibits the initiation of the formation of silver nanoparticles from complexes with biogenic amines (noradrenaline and serotonin). At the same concentration of CO2 in the air above solution of AgNO3, which is used for staining nerve tissues by the method of Golgi, neurons are preferentially stained, whereas at a concentration of 0.06%, vessels and poor neurons are stained.