Pregnancy-associated Steroid Effects on Insulin Sensitivity, Adipogenesis, and Lipogenesis: Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Context: The shift in maternal energy metabolism characteristic of pregnancy is thought to be driven by various hormonal changes, especially of ovarian and placental steroids. Imbalances in circulating estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) levels during this period are often associated with metabolic disturbances leading to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Since abnormalities in the Wnt pathway effector transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) are commonly associated with the occurrence of GDM, we hypothesized that the canonical or β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway mediates the metabolic actions of E and P.

Ultrasound-guided estimation of gastric residual volume using Perlas's formula: A validation study in patients.

Background And Aims: Bedside ultrasound (US) is used to evaluate gastric residual volume (GRV) and assess aspiration risk. We examined the accuracy of US-guided measurement of GRV using Perlas's formula, by two trained anaesthesiologists, in patients who had consumed different types and volumes of fluids.

Methods: Patients with no risk factors for delayed gastric emptying were included.

Hyponatremia in Coronavirus Disease-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Hyponatremia (serum Na < 135 mmol/L) is the most common electrolyte abnormality detected in clinical practice and an important cause of mortality and morbidity in hospital settings. Hyponatremia in patients with pneumonia is usually mild but is associated with increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality rates. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of varying degrees of hyponatremia and various other inflammatory markers on the severity and outcome of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: A series of three cases and review of literature.

Coronavirus disease-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus-2 is characterised by wide heterogeneity in clinical presentation. The typical radiographic findings in COVID-19 include bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or consolidations predominantly affecting the lower lobes and posterior segments of lungs. Other rare abnormal radiographic findings include pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium.