Neuroendocrine responses to psychological stress in adolescents with anxiety disorder.

Neurotransmitter-neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to the administration of a psychologically stressful mixed-model test (Mental Arithmetic, Stroop Color Word Interference Task, Trier Social Stress Test) were examined in 20 male peripubertal subjects affected by anxiety disorder (group A: 14 with generalized anxiety disorder, 6 with generalized anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder) and 20 junior school adolescents, matched for age, without overt psychological disorders (group B). Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin (beta-EP), cortisol (CORT), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (Te) were measured immediately before the beginning of the tests and 30 min later at their end. Mean prestress values of GH, PRL, beta-EP and ACTH were significantly higher in anxious subjects than in controls.

Neuroendocrine responses of healthy volunteers to 'techno-music': relationships with personality traits and emotional state.

A variety of studies reported psychological and physiological effects of music. Different types of music have been found to induce different neuroendocrine changes. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the possible combination of emotional and endocrine changes in response to techno-music and to define personality variables as predictors of respective changes.

Evaluation of circulating galanin levels after exercise-induced pituitary hormone secretion in man.

The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, anterior pituitary, and adrenal medulla. GAL is colocalized with corticotropin (ACTH) in the human pituitary and with epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. The function of GAL in peripheral tissues is not known, although the presence of the peptide in corticotrophs and the adrenal gland suggest that it participates in stress responses.

Concomitant evaluation of plasma galanin and catecholamine levels during a cold pressor test in healthy human male and female subjects.

The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is localized in the peripheral and central nervous systems as well as in the adrenal medulla where it coexists with catecholamines. We evaluated the changes in GAL plasma levels as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures and in the plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) in normal human male and regularly menstruating female subjects during the activation of the sympathoadrenal system by a cold pressor test. The test was performed by immersing the hand of the subject in 1 degree C cold water for 4 min.