Mitochondrial Uncoupler, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, Reduces Spinal Cord Paralysis and Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the optic nerve that often occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Sixty percent of patients develop some level of permanent visual loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage following optic neuritis, with no known treatment to prevent this loss. Prior studies showed that MP201, a prodrug of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) administered in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model of MS attenuated optic neuritis with preserved vision, increased retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, decreased axon loss, and reduced demyelination.

Correlation of GD2 Biosynthesis Enzymes With Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Human Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: The disialoganglioside GD2 has been shown to promote cell proliferation, migration, tumor and metastasis through specific signaling pathways in tumor cells originating from the neuroectoderm, including melanomas, neuroblastomas, glioblastomas, and breast carcinomas. GD2 has therefore emerged as a potential diagnostic biomarker in early malignancy as evidenced by the high specificity of its expression in tumor cells. Furthermore, recent findings show that GD2 might also act as a novel cancer stem cell (CSC) marker.

An adaptable, reusable, and light implant for chronic Neuropixels probes.

Electrophysiology has proven invaluable to record neural activity, and the development of Neuropixels probes dramatically increased the number of recorded neurons. These probes are often implanted acutely, but acute recordings cannot be performed in freely moving animals and the recorded neurons cannot be tracked across days. To study key behaviors such as navigation, learning, and memory formation, the probes must be implanted chronically.

Ordered Aggregates of Fmoc-Diphenylalanine at Alkaline pH as a Precursor of Fibril Formation and Peptide Gelation.

The ultrashort peptide -fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine (FmocFF) has been largely investigated due to its ability to self-assemble into fibrils (100 nm-μm scale) that can form a sample-spanning gel network. The initiation of the gelation process requires either a solvent switch (water added to dimethyl sulfoxide) or a pH-switch (alkaline to neutral) protocol, both of which ensure the solubility of the peptide as a necessary step preceding gelation. While the respective gel phases are well understood in structural and material characteristics terms the pregelation conditions are known to a lesser extent.

Müllerian anomalies and endometriosis: associations and phenotypic variations.

Müllerian anomalies are congenital conditions characterized by the incomplete development of the female reproductive tract. Women affected by Müllerian anomalies often display additional malformations of the renal, skeletal, and cardiovascular system, and are at a higher risk for infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Several Müllerian anomalies have been reported in association with endometriosis, but it is unclear if all classes or anatomical variations are associated with the disease.