Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection over two epidemic waves in Manaus, Brazil: A serological study of seven thousand blood donors.

Background: Most longitudinal studies of COVID-19 incidence have used unlinked samples. The city of Manaus, Brazil, has a blood donation program which allows sample linkage, and was struck by two large COVID-19 epidemic waves between mid-2020 and early 2021.

Methods: We estimated the changing force of infection, i.

Can Aluminum Affect Social Behavior and Cortisol Plasma Profile in the Neotropical Freshwater Teleost (Teleostei: Characidae)?

Aluminum (Al) can cause endocrine disruption in aquatic animals, but assessments of animal social behavior in neotropical teleost fish species with importance for Brazilian aquaculture have still not been addressed so far, which can further complete this ecotoxicological knowledge. In order to evaluate the social behavior and plasma cortisol concentration of fish exposed to Al, we performed a 1 h acute exposure with couples in three different experimental groups: control in neutral pH (CTL/n group), acid pH (pH/ac group), and aluminum in acid pH (Al/ac group; 2.0 mg L).

Exploring the Biological Potential of Hydroxytyrosol and Derivatives: Synthetic Strategies and Evaluation of Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities.

Phenolic compounds found in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) have been associated with various health benefits. Bioavailability studies indicate that the phase I and II metabolites of these phenolic compounds can be detected in human urine and plasma following EVOO consumption. To contribute to the understanding of the biological potential of these phenolic compounds and their metabolites, this study delves into the synthesis, stability, and biological activities of hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (Tyr), and homovanillic alcohol (HVA), as well as their glucuronide, sulfate, and acetylated metabolites.

Characteristics of Madariaga and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infections, Panama.

Madariaga virus (MADV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are emerging arboviruses affecting rural and remote areas of Latin America. However, clinical and epidemiologic reports are limited, and outbreaks are occurring at an increasing frequency. We addressed the data gap by analyzing all available clinical and epidemiologic data of MADV and VEEV infections recorded since 1961 in Panama.

Salivary Metabolic Pathway Alterations in Brazilian E-Cigarette Users.

In recent years, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has increased. However, their long-term effects on oral health and saliva remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the saliva of e-cig users and investigate possible biomarkers.