From zero to hero: Harnessing transformers for biomedical named entity recognition in zero- and few-shot contexts.

Supervised named entity recognition (NER) in the biomedical domain depends on large sets of annotated texts with the given named entities. The creation of such datasets can be time-consuming and expensive, while extraction of new entities requires additional annotation tasks and retraining the model. This paper proposes a method for zero- and few-shot NER in the biomedical domain to address these challenges.

Predictors of Intrahospital Mortality in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Endovascular Embolization.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) is defined as bleeding in the subarachnoid space caused by the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. About 11% of people who develop ASAH die before receiving medical treatment, and 40% of patients die within four weeks of being admitted to hospital. There are limited data on single-center experiences analyzing intrahospital mortality in ASAH patients treated with an endovascular approach.

Neurosonographic Classification in Premature Infants Receiving Omega-3 Supplementation Using Convolutional Neural Networks.

This study focuses on developing a model for the precise determination of ultrasound image density and classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for rapid, timely, and accurate identification of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Image density is measured by comparing two regions of interest on ultrasound images of the choroid plexus and brain parenchyma using the Delta E CIE76 value. These regions are then combined and serve as input to the CNN model for classification.

Advanced Diagnostics of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Infants Treated with Surfactant and Budesonide through Computer-Assisted Chest X-ray Analysis.

This research addresses the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm newborns caused by insufficient surfactant synthesis, which can lead to serious complications, including pneumothorax, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary hemorrhage, increasing the risk of a fatal outcome. By analyzing chest radiographs and blood gases, we specifically focus on the significant contributions of these parameters to the diagnosis and analysis of the recovery of patients with RDS. The study involved 32 preterm newborns, and the analysis of gas parameters before and after the administration of surfactants and inhalation corticosteroid therapy revealed statistically significant changes in values of parameters such as FiO, pH, pCO, HCO, and BE (Sig.

Neuroimaging Modalities Used for Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis and Monitoring.

Strokes are one of the global leading causes of physical or mental impairment and fatality, classified into hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. Ischemic strokes happen when a thrombus blocks or plugs an artery and interrupts or reduces blood supply to the brain tissue. Deciding on the imaging modality which will be used for stroke detection depends on the expertise and availability of staff and the infrastructure of hospitals.