Dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating Vδ1 + T lymphocytes in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer.

Although γδ T cells are known to participate in immune dysregulation in solid tumors, their relevance to human microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) is still undefined. Here, using integrated gene expression analysis and T cell receptor sequencing, we characterized γδ T cells in MSS CRC, with a focus on Vδ1 + T cells. We identified Vδ1 T cells with shared motifs in the third complementarity-determining region of the δ-chain, reflective of antigen recognition.

Effects of increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice on blood markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in older adults with hypertension.

Background: Vascular oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are important in the pathology of cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Cell culture and animal studies suggest that inorganic dietary nitrate may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation through nitric oxide (NO), and there is a need to investigate whether this translates to humans.

Aim: In this randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study, by measuring a combination of multiple blood biomarkers, we evaluated whether previously reported benefits of dietary nitrate translate to a reduced oxidative stress and an improved inflammation status in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension.

Increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice over 4 weeks affects nitrate metabolism, but not vascular function or blood pressure in older adults with hypertension.

The decline in vascular function and increase in blood pressure with aging contribute to an increased cardiovascular disease risk. In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, we evaluated whether previously reported cardiovascular benefits of plant-derived inorganic nitrate nitric oxide (NO) translate into improved vascular function and blood pressure-lowering in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension. We investigated the effects of a single ∼400 mg-dose at 3 hours post-ingestion (3H POST) and the daily consumption of 2 × ∼400 mg of nitrate through nitrate-rich compared with nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice over 4 weeks (4WK POST).

Adoptive transfer of allergen-expressing B cells prevents IgE-mediated allergy.

Introduction: Prophylactic strategies to prevent the development of allergies by establishing tolerance remain an unmet medical need. We previously reported that the transfer of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) expressing the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, on their cell surface induced allergen-specific tolerance in mice. In this study, we investigated the ability of allergen-expressing immune cells (dendritic cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and CD19 B cells) to induce allergen-specific tolerance in naive mice and identified CD19 B cells as promising candidates for allergen-specific cell therapy.

Treg Therapy for the Induction of Immune Tolerance in Transplantation-Not Lost in Translation?

The clinical success of solid organ transplantation is still limited by the insufficiency of immunosuppressive regimens to control chronic rejection and late graft loss. Moreover, serious side effects caused by chronic immunosuppressive treatment increase morbidity and mortality in transplant patients. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have proven to be efficient in the induction of allograft tolerance and prolongation of graft survival in numerous preclinical models, and treatment has now moved to the clinics.