Enhancing the reliability and accuracy of AI-enabled diagnosis via complementarity-driven deferral to clinicians.

Predictive artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on deep learning have been shown to achieve expert-level identification of diseases in multiple medical imaging settings, but can make errors in cases accurately diagnosed by clinicians and vice versa. We developed Complementarity-Driven Deferral to Clinical Workflow (CoDoC), a system that can learn to decide between the opinion of a predictive AI model and a clinical workflow. CoDoC enhances accuracy relative to clinician-only or AI-only baselines in clinical workflows that screen for breast cancer or tuberculosis (TB).

Does your dermatology classifier know what it doesn't know? Detecting the long-tail of unseen conditions.

Supervised deep learning models have proven to be highly effective in classification of dermatological conditions. These models rely on the availability of abundant labeled training examples. However, in the real-world, many dermatological conditions are individually too infrequent for per-condition classification with supervised learning.

Normative ascent with local gaussians for unsupervised lesion detection.

Unsupervised abnormality detection is an appealing approach to identify patterns that are not present in training data without specific annotations for such patterns. In the medical imaging field, methods taking this approach have been proposed to detect lesions. The appeal of this approach stems from the fact that it does not require lesion-specific supervision and can potentially generalize to any sort of abnormal patterns.

TeTrIS: Template Transformer Networks for Image Segmentation With Shape Priors.

In this paper, we introduce and compare different approaches for incorporating shape prior information into neural network-based image segmentation. Specifically, we introduce the concept of template transformer networks, where a shape template is deformed to match the underlying structure of interest through an end-to-end trained spatial transformer network. This has the advantage of explicitly enforcing shape priors, and this is free of discretization artifacts by providing a soft partial volume segmentation.