Halide-free synthesis of metastable graphitic BC.

Layered BC, a metastable phase within the binary boron-carbon system that is composed of graphite-like sheets with hexagonally symmetric CB units, has never been successfully crystallized. Instead, poorly-crystalline BC-like materials with significant stacking disorder have been isolated, based on the co-pyrolysis of a boron trihalide precursor with benzene at around 800 °C. The halide leaving group (-X) is a significant driving force of these reactions, but the subsequent evolution of gaseous HX species at such high temperatures hampers their scaling up and also prohibits their further use in the presence of hard-casting templates such as ordered silicates.

Prominent Structural Dependence of Quantum Capacitance Unraveled by Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Mesosponge.

Porous carbons are important electrode materials for supercapacitors. One of the challenges associated with supercapacitors is improving their energy density without relying on pseudocapacitance, which is based on fast redox reactions that often shorten device lifetimes. A possible solution involves achieving high total capacitance (C), which comprises Helmholtz capacitance (C) and possibly quantum capacitance (C), in high-surface carbon materials comprising minimally stacked graphene walls.

Hydrogen Adsorption in Ultramicroporous Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring Silent Open Metal Sites.

In this study, we utilized an ultramicroporous metal-organic framework (MOF) named [Ni(pzdc)(ade)(HO)]·2.18HO (where Hpzdc represents pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and ade represents adenine) for hydrogen (H) adsorption. Upon activation, [Ni(pzdc)(ade)] was obtained, and in situ carbon monoxide loading by transmission infrared spectroscopy revealed the generation of open Ni(II) sites.

Hydrogen-Type Binding Sites in Carbonaceous Electrodes for Rapid Lithium Insertion.

Direct pyrolysis of coronene at 800 °C produces low-surface-area, nanocrystalline graphitic carbon containing a uniquely high content of a class of lithium binding sites referred to herein as "hydrogen-type" sites. Correspondingly, this material exhibits a distinct redox couple under electrochemical lithiation that is characterized as intermediate-strength, capacitive lithium binding, centered at ∼0.5 V vs Li/Li.

Can the resource reduction hypothesis explain sentence processing in aphasia? A visual world study in German.

Resource limitation has often been invoked as a key driver of sentence comprehension difficulty, in both theories of language-unimpaired and language-impaired populations. In the field of aphasia, one such influential theory is Caplan's resource reduction hypothesis (RRH). In this large investigation of online processing in aphasia in German, we evaluated three key predictions of the RRH in 21 individuals with aphasia and 22 control pparticipants.