Binding of chloroaurate to polytyrosine-PEG micelles leads to an anti-Turkevich pattern of reduction.

Here we report formation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in micelles of polytyrosine-PEG copolymers that combine the properties of a reducer and a stabilizer. The size and properties of the GNPs were tailored by the excess chloroaurate over the copolymer. The latter quickly formed non-covalent complexes with HAuCl4 and then slowly reduced it to form GNPs.

[Power-law species richness accumulation as manifestation of the fractal community structure].

Applications of the fractal to describing the species structure of communities are discussed. Fundamental notions of fractal geometry are explained in the first part. The problem of applying the concept of fractal to describe the spatial allocation of particular species and of community as a whole is reviewed in the second part.

[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis combined with retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma, simulating kidney tumor].

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a special variant of interstitial nephritis, when an inflammatory infiltration contains xanthomatous cells. Its diagnosis is difficult and possible only on the basis of a histologic analysis of a surgically removed kidney. A case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis combined with retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma is presented.