Projecting complete redaction of clinical trial protocols (RAPTURE): redacted cross sectional study.

Objectives: To characterise redactions in clinical trials and estimate a time when all protocols are fully removed (RAPTURE).

Design: Redacted cross sectional study.

Setting: Published phase 3 randomised controlled trials from 1 January 2010 to ██████████████.

Bacteria grow swiftly and live thriftily.

Bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to use resources efficiently. However, bacterial economies depend on both the physiological context of the organisms as well as their growth state - whether they are growing, non-growing or reinitiating growth. In this essay, we discuss some of the features that make bacteria efficient under these different conditions and during the transitions between them.

Prevalence of Antibiotic Tolerance and Risk for Reinfection Among Escherichia coli Bloodstream Isolates: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Tolerance is the ability of bacteria to survive transient exposure to high concentrations of a bactericidal antibiotic without a change in the minimal inhibitory concentration, thereby limiting the efficacy of antimicrobials. The study sought to determine the prevalence of tolerance in a prospective cohort of E. coli bloodstream infection and to explore the association of tolerance with reinfection risk.

The Effect of Tannin-Rich Witch Hazel on Growth of Probiotic .

Probiotic bacteria help maintain microbiome homeostasis and promote gut health. Maintaining the competitive advantage of the probiotics over pathogenic bacteria is a challenge, as they are part of the gut microbiome that is continuously exposed to digestive and nutritional changes and various stressors. Witch hazel that is rich in hamamelitannin (WH, whISOBAX) is an inhibitor of growth and virulence of pathogenic bacteria.