Long-term management of refractory vaginal trichomoniasis following initial metronidazole treatment failure: A case series.

Guidelines for sexually transmitted infections recommend oral metronidazole (MNZ) as the first-line treatment option for vaginal trichomoniasis; however, there have been cases of prolonged symptoms or recurrence after treatment. To consider appropriate treatment strategies for refractory vaginal trichomoniasis, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of patients who tested positive for Trichomonas vaginalis (T.

Chronological trend of social contact patterns in Japan after the emergence of COVID-19.

Background: The social contact data for Japan as of 2022 showed a substantially decreased number of contacts compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear whether social contact continues to be depressed following the end of countermeasures against the pandemic. There is also scarce evidence regarding the influence of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) on social contacts in Japan.

Trends in antimicrobial consumption: long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decrease in antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in 2020. However, the persistence of this downwards trend is not known at a global level. This study examined the global and longer-term trends in AMC after the emergence of COVID-19.