A diverse range of relaxation dynamics of trapped spin-states are observed in spin crossover (SCO) materials, including exponential, sigmoidal, stretched exponential, multi-step, and mixed kinetics. We reproduce and explain this full range of relaxation behaviours using a semi-empirical, semi-classical model that combines crystal field theory with elastic inter-molecular interactions. We show that frustrated intermolecular interactions, which are responsible for multistep thermal transitions, also lead to multiple energetically competitive ordered phases, even in systems that contain only one crystallographically distinct SCO site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Can Assoc Gastroenterol
September 2023
Approximately one out of every 88 seniors has inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and this is expected to increase in the future. They are more likely to have left-sided disease in ulcerative colitis, and isolated colonic disease in Crohn's disease; perianal disease is less common. Other common diagnoses in the elderly must also be considered when they initially present to a healthcare provider.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising worldwide, though the differences in health care utilization among different races and ethnicities remains uncertain. We aimed to better define this through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: We explored the impact of race or ethnicity on the likelihood of needing an IBD-related surgery, hospitalization, and emergency department visit.