Determinants of Bone Mass Accrual in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth Undergoing Pubertal Suppression Therapy.

Introduction/background: Gender-affirming care for gender diverse and transgender (GDTG) youth includes puberty suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa). Puberty is a critical period of bone mass accrual, and pubertal suppression may impact bone health. Previous studies have shown a decrease in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) Z-score while on puberty suppression.

Successful Treatment of Hypoglycemia With Alpelisib in Pediatric Patients With -Related Overgrowth Spectrum.

Activating mutations in the gene, causing phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) hyperactivation, are rare causes of hypoglycemia. We report the novel use of alpelisib (a PI3K inhibitor) for the treatment of hypoketotic, hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia in 2 children with -related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Patient 1 was a 7-month-old girl who presented with a hypoglycemic seizure.

Bone Mineral Density and Dickkopf-1 in Adolescents with Non-Deletional Hemoglobin H Disease.

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in individuals with β-thalassemia and is associated with increased circulating dickkopf-1 concentration. These data are limited in α-thalassemia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of low BMD and the association between BMD and serum dickkopf-1 in adolescents with non-deletional hemoglobin H disease, a form of α-thalassemia whose severity is comparable to β-thalassemia intermedia.

Changes in Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Youth Undergoing Pubertal Suppression: A Pilot Study.

Pubertal suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) youth may affect acquisition of peak bone mass. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has an inverse relationship with bone mineral density (BMD). To evaluate the effect of pubertal suppression on BMAT, in this pilot study we prospectively studied TGNC youth undergoing pubertal suppression and cisgender control participants with similar pubertal status over a 12-month period.