Could emulated trials play a key role in cardiogenic shock trials?

Temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) using extracorporeal life support (ECLS), has been widely implemented in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), although evidence regarding its efficacy and safety remains unclear. This lack of clarity has recently raised concerns about the role of tMCS in CS management. Conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the context of CS poses significant challenges due to ethical considerations and logistical complexities.

Combination of serological and cytokine release assays for improved diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in Zambia (PROMISE-TB).

Objectives: The diagnostic gaps for childhood tuberculosis (TB) remain considerable in settings with high TB incidence and resource constraints. We established and evaluated the performance of a scoring system based on a combination of serological tests and T-cell cytokine release assays, chosen for their ability to detect immune responses indicative of TB, in a context of high prevalence of pediatric HIV infection.

Methods: We enrolled 628 consecutive children aged ≤15 years, admitted for TB suspicion.

An optimized strategy triggered at the 2nd immunization visit to prevent HIV acquisition by breastfeeding: a phase 2 trial in Burkina Faso (PREVENIR-PEV).

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A prevention package was initiated during the highly attended 2nd visit of the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI-2) to identify the undiagnosed infants living with HIV and reduce the postnatal transmission of infant exposed to HIV.

Methods: PREVENIR-PEV is a non-randomized phase II clinical trial conducted at two health centres in Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).

Long-term persistence of mitochondrial dysfunctions after viral infections and antiviral therapies: A review of mechanisms involved.

Mitochondria are vital for most cells' functions. Viruses hijack mitochondria machinery for misappropriation of energy supply or to bypass defense mechanisms. Many of these mitochondrial dysfunctions persist after recovery from treated or untreated viral infections, particularly when mitochondrial DNA is permanently damaged.