Conversational Eyebrow Frowns Facilitate Question Identification: An Online Study Using Virtual Avatars.

Conversation is a time-pressured environment. Recognizing a social action (the ''speech act,'' such as a question requesting information) early is crucial in conversation to quickly understand the intended message and plan a timely response. Fast turns between interlocutors are especially relevant for responses to questions since a long gap may be meaningful by itself.

Facilitating question identification through natural intensity eyebrow movements in virtual avatars.

In conversation, recognizing social actions (similar to 'speech acts') early is important to quickly understand the speaker's intended message and to provide a fast response. Fast turns are typical for fundamental social actions like questions, since a long gap can indicate a dispreferred response. In multimodal face-to-face interaction, visual signals may contribute to this fast dynamic.

Specific facial signals associate with categories of social actions conveyed through questions.

The early recognition of fundamental social actions, like questions, is crucial for understanding the speaker's intended message and planning a timely response in conversation. Questions themselves may express more than one social action category (e.g.

Changes in laboratory results in transgender individuals on hormone therapy - a retrospective study and practical approach.

Objective: Interpreting laboratory results for transgender individuals who started hormone therapy requires careful consideration, specifically for analytes that have sex-specific reference intervals. In literature, conflicting data exist on the effect of hormone therapy on laboratory parameters. By studying a large cohort, we aim to define what reference category (male or female) is most appropriate to use for the transgender population over the course of gender-affirming therapy.

The effect of transdermal gender-affirming hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis.

Background: Cardiovascular risk is increased in transgender persons using gender-affirming hormone therapy. To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex hormones affect cardiovascular risk in transgender persons, we investigated the effect of hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis.

Methods: In this exploratory study, 48 trans women using estradiol patches plus cyproterone acetate (CPA) and 47 trans men using testosterone gel were included.