Schistosomiasis prevention option: toxicological evaluation of on the tissues of at different pH conditions.

Research into, and the use of plant products in the control of vectors of pathogens is being revived and seriously considered as an alternative or complete replacement for the classical synthetic agents. The study was designed to investigate toxicological assessment of the aqueous leaf extract of on mortality and tissue level damages of the freshwater snail at different pH levels. The effects of the extract on total protein concentration and activities of acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the tissues of the snail were assayed using standard methods.

Targeting Sporadic and Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) Related Refractory Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) in a Phase II Study of Everolimus in Combination with Bevacizumab (SARC016).

Purpose: There are no known effective medical treatments for refractory MPNST. Inactivation of the NF1 tumor suppressor in MPNST results in upregulation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and angiogenesis, which contributes to disease progression. We conducted a phase II study for patients (pts) with refractory MPNST combining everolimus (10 mg PO once daily) with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks) to determine the clinical benefit rate (CBR) (complete response, partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) ≥ 4 months).

Estimating Drug Costs: How do Manufacturer Net Prices Compare with Other Common US Price References?

Background: Drug costs are frequently estimated in economic analyses using wholesale acquisition cost (WAC), but what is the best approach to develop these estimates? Pharmaceutical manufacturers recently released transparency reports disclosing net price increases after accounting for rebates and other discounts.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether manufacturer net prices (MNPs) could approximate the discounted prices observed by the U.S.

Guidance Document: Global Pharmacoeconomic Model Adaption Strategies.

Objective: The purpose of this guidance was to assist in the adaptation of pharmacoeconomic models originally developed in one country and intended for use in another. The intent was to produce user-friendly recommendations and a checklist for adapting a global model to treat a specific disease state. This guidance will allow model developers to tailor existing models so that they are "locally applicable," while maintaining the scientific integrity of the original pharmacoeconomic model and will benefit formulary decision makers and other stakeholders involved in evaluating pharmacoeconomic studies.