Identification of genetic determinants of bedaquiline resistance in in Ural region, Russia.

Unlabelled: Collecting data on rare () clinical isolates with resistance to the new anti-tuberculosis drug bedaquiline is an important task for improving antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Nanopore whole genome sequencing, the proportion method on Middlebrook 7H11 medium, and BACTEC MGIT 960 assays were used to analyze genotypic and phenotypic resistance to bedaquiline. We found four mutations: I66M, А63Р, А36Т, and S53P in five isolates with different levels of phenotypic bedaquiline resistance.

Drug-Tolerant Adopt Different Survival Strategies in Alveolar Macrophages of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

The rapid spread of drug-resistant () strains and the phenomenon of phenotypic tolerance to drugs present challenges toward achieving the goal of tuberculosis (TB) elimination worldwide. By using the ex vivo cultures of alveolar macrophages obtained from lung tissues of TB patients after intensive antimicrobial chemotherapy before surgery, different subpopulations of multidrug-tolerant with a spectrum of phenotypic and growth features were identified in the same TB lesions. Our results are indicative of not only passive mechanisms generating nonheritable resistance of to antibiotics, which are associated mainly with a lack of growth, but also some active mechanisms of persistence, such as cell wall and metabolic pathway remodeling.

Molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistant isolates from HIV- and HIV+ tuberculosis patients in Russia.

Background: High burden of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) is a significant threat to national TB control programs all over the world and in the Russian Federation. Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genotypes are hypothesized to have specific characteristics affecting TB control programs. For example, Beijing strains are supposed to have higher mutation rates compared to strains of other genotypes and subsequently higher capability to develop drug-resistance.

Load in Host Cells and the Antibacterial Activity of Alveolar Macrophages Are Linked and Differentially Regulated in Various Lung Lesions of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by () infection with the formation of a broad range of abnormal lung lesions within a single patient. Although host-pathogen interactions determine disease outcome, they are poorly understood within individual lesions at different stages of maturation. We compared load in a tuberculoma wall and the lung tissue distant from tuberculomas in TB patients.