Differences between male and female university students in sleepiness, weekday sleep loss, and weekend sleep duration.

Introduction: Women and men experience sleep differently and the difference in intrinsic desire for sleep might underlie some of the observed male-female differences. The objective of this cross-sectional questionnaire study of university students was to determine male-female differences in self-reported sleepiness and sleep-wake patterns.

Methods: Five questionnaires were completed by 1650 students at four Russian universities.

[The effect of music containing binaural beats on daytime fall-asleep dynamics].

Aim: To test the hypothesis that listening to the music with the effect of binaural beats of theta and delta range during nap decreases sleep latency defined by 2 slow wave sleep stage appearance, as well as improves its stability.

Material And Methods: The experimental set of 20 min duration was established according to the counterbalanced scheme with 21 subjects. Each subject participated in two attempts: one attempt included sound stimulation (music) and another one was sham (silence).

Neurophysiological markers of high anxiety level in man during the process of preparing for a visual recognition.

By means of EEG analysis the functional state of subjects with high and low levels of anxiety was studied in different periods preceding a cognitive task - a visual expression recognition. Several conditions were investigated: background/eyes closed; background/eyes opened; listening the instruction for the cognitive task; operative rest (time lapse between listening the instruction and the beginning of the task), as well as short intervals immediately preceding the exposition of target stimuli (stage of preparation) - pairs of faces pictures with identical or different emotional expressions. At all these pre-task stages high-anxiety subjects exhibited much lower amplitude values in alpha and theta bands (as compared with low-anxiety subjects).

Histoenzymological Characteristics of Smooth Muscle Cells in Myocardial Vessels: A Comparative Study under Conditions of Increased Left or Right Ventricular Afterload.

Histoenzymological methods were used to study metabolism of smooth muscle cells of intramural myocardial arteries during experimental aortic or pulmonary artery stenosis. Aortic stenosis was accompanied by changes in smooth muscles of the left ventricle manifested by deceleration of tricarboxylic acid cycle, inhibition of oxidation of free fatty acids and their metabolites, flux redistribution in the glycolytic cascade, and inhibition of shuttle systems and biosynthetic processes. Similar metabolic alterations were observed in vessels of the ventricular septum, but they were not revealed in vessels of the right ventricle (except glycolysis stimulation).

Effect of adrenoblockers on slow (LF) waves in rabbit heart rate.

Propranolol and atenolol were used to examine the role of the adrenergic system in the genesis of slow HR variations (waves) in rabbits, the animals characterized by pronounced sympathetic influences. The control experiments were performed with physiological solution and long-term records in intact rabbits. The harmonic (spectrum) analysis was performed with fast Fourier transform.