Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Study on Caffeine as an Excipient for Monoclonal Antibody Formulations.

Caffeine is a novel excipient that effectively reduces viscosity of high concentration mAb formulations intended for subcutaneous (SQ) delivery. Two preclinical studies were conducted in rats to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of caffeine as well as its effects on the PK profile of a model mAb, namely ipilimumab. Results show that SQ absorption and elimination of caffeine was rapid, with the average T of 0.

An obesity paradox: an inverse correlation between body mass index and atherosclerosis of the aorta.

Background And Aims: Morbid obesity generally has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality for a variety of diseases. However, a number of exceptions to this have been reported and referred to as the "obesity paradox." The purpose of the present study was to obtain objective data on aortic atherosclerosis and its relationship to body mass index (BMI, kg/m), based on autopsy findings in a large cohort of overweight and obese decedents.

Morphometric data on severely and morbidly obese deceased, established on forensic and non-forensic autopsies.

With the widespread increase in the incidence of obesity, autopsies on severely and morbidly obese deceased have become common in the USA. Standard reference tables for organ weights provide little or no information on individuals with a body mass index greater than 35 kg/m(2). Although several recent reports have provided organ weights for small numbers of morbidly obese persons who died naturally from a variety of causes, these data may have been affected by comorbidities.

Brodifacoum induces early hemoglobinuria and late hematuria in rats: novel rapid biomarkers of poisoning.

Introduction: Brodifacoum (BDF) is a superwarfarin that is used primarily as a rodenticide. There have been increasing numbers of reports of human cases of accidental or intentional BDF ingestion with high mortality rate. Its broad availability and high lethality suggest that BDF should be considered a potential chemical threat.

Oral warfarin and the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran increase blood pressure in rats: hidden danger of anticoagulants?

Background: Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We reported earlier that oral anticoagulants, including warfarin and dabigatran, may induce acute kidney injury. No effects of oral anticoagulants on blood pressure (BP) have been previously reported.