Publications by authors named "N Martinson"
Background: Data from randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment for contacts of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB are lacking. Two recently published randomized trials that did not achieve statistical significance provide the opportunity for a meta-analysis.
Methods: We conducted combined analyses of two phase 3 trials of levofloxacin MDR-TB preventive treatment - Levofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (VQUIN) trial and the Levofloxacin preventive treatment in children exposed to MDR-TB (TB-CHAMP) trial.
Background: Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) , with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking.
Methods: In this community-based, multisite, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in South Africa, we assessed the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin as preventive treatment in children with household exposure to an adult with bacteriologically confirmed MDR pulmonary tuberculosis.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combination nicotine replacement therapy (c-NRT) for smoking cessation among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa.
Design: We conducted an open label, individually randomized clinical trial.
Methods: Using a two-armed approach, PWH who smoke were randomized to receive either 1) intensive anti-smoking behavioral counseling (BC) or 2) intensive anti-smoking BC plus c-NRT (nicotine patches augmented by nicotine gum).
Article Synopsis
- Tight junctions (TJs) act as barriers in cells and have numerous proteins associated with them, yet TJs in the male genital tract are not well-researched due to limited tissue availability.
- The study involved analyzing 132 TJ genes from foreskin tissue of men undergoing voluntary medical male circumcision as part of a larger HIV prevention trial in South Africa and Uganda, measuring the impact of various PrEP drugs on TJ protein expression.
- Results showed that 118 out of 132 TJ genes were highly expressed in foreskin tissue, and that the PrEP regimens tested did not alter TJ gene expression or protein levels, indicating the safety of these treatments in preventing HIV-1 transmission during sexual activity.
Background: Approaches for determining whether influenza vaccination prevents infection, attenuates illness, or both, are important for developing improved vaccines. We estimated influenza infection incidence, and evaluated symptom ascertainment methodologies in children to inform future vaccine trial design.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study among children aged 6-23 months from May-October 2022.