Intramuscular versus intradermal administration for influenza vaccination in college students: A pilot study.

College student populations are considered at greater risk of contracting influenza due to their close living conditions. Despite this increased risk, college students are reluctant to obtain annual vaccination. This pilot study sought to determine perceptions of students on a college campus who received the annual influenza vaccination via an intradermal route.

Oyster sex determination is influenced by temperature - first clues in spat during first gonadic differentiation and gametogenesis.

The sex-determining system of Crassostrea gigas is still poorly known, especially regarding the potential influence of temperature. In order to address this question, mRNA expressions of actors of the molecular cascade (Cg-DMl, Cg-SoxE, Cg-β-catenin, Cg-Foxl2/Cg-Foxl2os) and of Oyvlg, a germ cell marker, were investigated by real-time PCR in spat grown at different temperatures (18, 22, 25 and 28°C). In parallel, gonadic differentiation, gametogenesis and sex ratios were assessed by histology at each of these temperatures.

Evaluating the relevance of disability weights for adjusting disease-cost and comorbidity calculations at the Kigali University Teaching Hospital.

Evaluating the burden of diseases treated in hospitals in terms of (co)morbidity and financial impact is a long standing problem. Proposed solutions often rely on very sophisticated medical registration systems that are less suitable for developing countries. The authors have developed a simple prototype method for calculating financial impact and comorbidity of clinical conditions treated in a Sub-Saharan hospital environment (CALCO method) using disability weights.

Elderly people's definition of quality of life.

Objectives: Senescence for some elderly people is a phase of with development and satisfaction, whereas for others is a negative stage of life. The determinants of a good quality of life in old age vary from person to person. The aims of this study were to identify 1) the prevalence of octogenarian people who evaluate their current life as being mainly characterized by a positive quality and 2) which were the domains that they identified as being the determinants of this positive quality.