Relapsing peritonitis in children who undergo chronic peritoneal dialysis: a prospective study of the international pediatric peritonitis registry.

Background And Objectives: The International Pediatric Peritonitis Registry (IPPR) was established to collect prospective data regarding peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis in children. In this report, we present the IPPR results that pertain to relapsing peritonitis (RP).

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This was an online, prospective entry into the IPPR of data that pertain to peritonitis cases by participating centers.

Validation of estimates of total body water in pediatric dialysis patients by deuterium dilution.

Background: Current K-DOQI recommendations call for an assessment of dialysis adequacy that depends critically on an estimate of total body water (TBW). Such estimates are problematic in children since the range of patient size is large, and often formulas derived in normals are not validated in end-stage renal disease. Gold standard methods of TBW measurement, such as deuterium dilution ((2)H(2)O), are not appropriate in the clinical setting, yet noninvasive methods such as bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) have not been independently validated.

Urea and nitrogen excretion in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients.

Background: Adequate nutrition is critical to the care of children with end-stage renal disease, and failure to reach the target dietary intake is associated with growth failure. Prospective studies of urea and nitrogen output in adults have led to the derivation of quantitative relationships, which allow assessment of dietary protein intake when only urea appearance is known. Such a clinically useful relationship has not been defined in children receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Simultaneous removal and replacement of infected peritoneal dialysis catheters.

Infection is an important complication of peritoneal dialysis that often limits technique survival. Recurrent episodes of peritonitis caused by the same organism may be the result of catheter infection, necessitating removal. We performed 34 single-step catheter replacement procedures in children and young adults for recurrent peritonitis or refractory exit site and tunnel infections.

Peritoneal equilibration test results are different in infants, children, and adults.

Peritoneal equilibration test (PET) curves have been standardized in adult peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, it appears that norms for pediatric PD patients may be different. A series of PET in 29 stable, chronic PD patients < or = 14 yr old performed at dwell volumes of 33 +/- 6 mL/kg with 2.