Effect of Added Wheat Gluten and Mixing Time on Physical and Sensory Properties of Spent Fowl Restructured Steaks.

Spent fowl meat (50 % dark/50% white meat) was flaked and formulated to include: (a) no added wheat gluten (control), (b) 1 % wheat gluten and (c) 2% wheat gluten. Each formulation was mixed for 5 min, half was removed and the remainder was mixed an additional 10 min. After mixing, each formulation was pressed into logs, frozen and cut into steaks.

Physical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Patties Made with Various Levels of Fat and Skin.

Chicken patties were prepared from spent fowl meat and contained either 0, 10, 20 or 30% added skin and fat. One-half of each of these treatments was coated with a calcium alginate film while the other half served as controls. Percentages of fat, moisture, cooking loss and shrinkage, as well as textural properties and sensory attributes, were determined for patties from each formulation/coating treatment.

Physical and Sensory Properties of Restructured Beef Steaks Formulated with Various Flake Sizes and Mixing Times.

Restructured cow beef steaks were made using six different flake size formulations: (a) coarse, (b) medium, (c) fine, (d) coarse + medium, (e) medium + fine and (f) coarse + fine meat flakes. Each formulation was mixed for 0, 5, 10 or 15 min, pressed into "logs", frozen and cut into steaks. Steaks were evaluated for physical appearance, fat and moisture content, cooking properties, texture and sensory attributes.

Precooking and Flake Size Effects on Spent Fowl Restructured Steaks.

Four formulations of spent fowl muscle, each made to contain 40% dark muscle and 60% white muscle, were prepared as follows: (a) raw meat, large flake size; (b) raw meat, small flake size; (c) precooked meat, large flake size and (d) precooked meat, small flake size. Each formulation was mixed with 0.3% NaCl, 0.

Sensory Attributes of Precooked, Calcium Alginate-Coated Pork Patties.

Ground pork patties were prepared containing 37% fat and assigned to one of five treatments: (a) control; (b) precooked, no calcium alginate coating; (c) calcium alginate coated, no precooking; (d) calcium alginate coated before precooking and (e) calcium alginate coated after precooking. The calcium alginate coating significantly improved sensory attributes. Warmed-over flavor (WOF) was eliminated in precooked, alginate-coated patties as judged by sensory scores and TBA values.