Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species.

A morphological and molecular study of 17 Cylindrotomidae species revealed that the two subspecies of , the Nearctic Osten Sacken, 1865, and the Palearctic (Meigen, 1818), represent separated lineages and consequently are raised to species level. Alexander, 1919, . and Peus, 1952, are now known to be junior synonyms of .

The Autocitrullinome Is Not a Target for ACPA in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting primarily the joints, is frequently characterized by the presence of autoimmune anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) during preclinical stages of disease and accumulation of hypercitrullinated proteins in arthritic joints. A strong association has been reported between RA and periodontal disease, and , a known driver of periodontitis, has been proposed as the microbial link underlying this association. We recently demonstrated -mediated gut barrier breakdown and exacerbation of joint inflammation during inflammatory arthritis.

Hemin binding by Porphyromonas gingivalis strains is dependent on the presence of A-LPS.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative black pigmenting anaerobe that is unable to synthesize heme [Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX] or hemin [Fe(III)-protoporphyrin IX-Cl], which are important growth/virulence factors, and must therefore derive them from the host. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses several proteinaceous hemin-binding sites, which are important in the binding/transport of heme/hemin from the host. It also synthesizes several virulence factors, namely cysteine-proteases Arg- and Lys-gingipains and two lipopolysaccharides (LPS), O-LPS and A-LPS.

Pachyneuridae (Diptera): new data on the geographic range and designation of the lectotype of Pachyneura fasciata Zetterstedt, 1838.

All available records of two nematoceran flies Pachyneura fasciata and P. oculata were gathered and mapped. P.