Clues and new evidences in arterial hypertension: unmasking the role of the chloride anion.

The present review will focus on the role of chloride anion in cardiovascular disease, with special emphasis in the development of hypertensive disease and vascular inflammation. It is known that acute and chronic overload of sodium chloride increase blood pressure and have pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects on different target organs, but it is unknown how chloride may influence these processes. Chloride anion is the predominant anion in the extracellular fluid and its intracellular concentration is dynamically regulated.

Cardiotoxic Effects of the Antineoplastic Doxorubicin in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome: Oxidative Stress and Transporter Expression in the Heart.

The aim of the present work was to examine whether metabolic syndrome-like conditions in rats with fructose (F) overload modify the cardiotoxic effects induced by doxorubicin (DOX) and whether the treatment altered the expression of P-gp, breast cancer resistance protein, and organic cation/carnitine transporters in the heart. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either tap water (control group [C]; n = 16) or water with F 10% wt/vol (n = 16) during 8 weeks. Three days before being killed, the animals received a single dose of DOX (6 mg/kg, ip, md) (C-DOX and F-DOX groups) or vehicle (VEH; ISS 1 mL/kg BW; ip) (C-VEH and F-VEH groups) (n = 8 per group).

Role of natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular-adipose communication: a tale of two organs.

Natriuretic peptides have long been known for their cardiovascular function. However, a growing body of evidence emphasizes the role of natriuretic peptides in the energy metabolism of several substrates in humans and animals, thus interrelating the heart, as an endocrine organ, with various insulin-sensitive tissues and organs such as adipose tissue, muscle skeletal, and liver. Adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with altered regulation of the natriuretic peptide system, also indicated as a natriuretic disability.

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Profiles in Chronic Hypertension by Single or Sequentially Combined Renovascular and DOCA-Salt Treatments.

The involvement of natriuretic peptides was studied during the hypertrophic remodeling transition mediated by sequential exposure to chronic hemodynamic overload. We induced hypertension in rats by pressure (renovascular) or volume overload (DOCA-salt) during 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. We also studied the consecutive combination of both models in inverse sequences: RV 6 weeks/DS 6 weeks and DS 6 weeks/RV 6 weeks.

Acute infusion of angiotensin II regulates organic cation transporters function in the kidney: its impact on the renal dopaminergic system and sodium excretion.

A close relationship between angiotensin II (ANG II) and the renal dopaminergic system (RDS) has been reported. Our aim was to study whether renal dopamine and ANG II can interact to modify renal sodium handling and then to elucidate the related mechanism. Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in experiments.