Heavy Metal Concentrations of Beeswax (Apis mellifera L.) at Different Ages.

Beeswax is a naturally occurring product that worker bees produce. Beeswax is used in a variety of industries and pharmaceuticals. Humans utilize it extensively in cosmetics, medicinal formulations, and food manufacturing.

Assessment of genetic relatedness in the honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: apidae) colonies by using microsatellite loci.

In this study the relatedness was estimated between mother queen's colony and her daughters' queens' colonies, by extracting DNA from their individual workers offspring (N= 20) and using five microsatellite loci. Locus As indicated more diversity in the length of alleles from 130 to 162 PB with frequency from 0.05 to 0.