Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in llamas (Lama glama) of the Argentine Puna: Clinical study, and morphological and molecular mite identification.

Sarcoptic mange has been described in domestic South American camelids (SACs), exported to non-Andean countries, and in wild SAC in their natural habitat. Reports on the incidence of this infestation in llamas or alpacas raised in their original location, on the other hand, are missing. The present study aimed to detect and characterize cases of sarcoptic mange in herds of llamas (Lama glama) raised in the high plateau region (Puna) of the province of Jujuy, Argentina.

Age- and sex-adjusted CT-based reference values for temporal muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and radiodensity.

Muscle mass has been traditionally assessed by measuring paraspinal muscle areas at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography (CT). Neurological or neurosurgical patients seldom undergo CT scans of the lumbar region. Instead, temporal muscle thickness (TMT), cross-sectional area (TMA) and radiodensity measured from head CT scans are readily available measures of muscle mass and quality in these patient cohorts.

The effect of the foreign body response on drug elution from subdermal delivery systems.

Contrasting findings are presented in the literature regarding the influence of foreign body response (FBR) on drug release from implantable drug delivery systems. To this end, here we sought direct evidence of the effect of the fibrotic tissue on subcutaneous drug release from long-acting drug delivery implants. Specifically, we investigated the pharmacokinetic impact of fibrotic encapsulation on a small molecule drug, islatravir (293 Da), and a large protein, IgG (150 kDa), administered via biocompatible implants.

Two-Layer Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Low-Resource Medical Question Answering Using Reddit Data: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: The increasing use of social media to share lived and living experiences of substance use presents a unique opportunity to obtain information on side effects, use patterns, and opinions on novel psychoactive substances. However, due to the large volume of data, obtaining useful insights through natural language processing technologies such as large language models is challenging.

Objective: This paper aims to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture for medical question answering pertaining to clinicians' queries on emerging issues associated with health-related topics, using user-generated medical information on social media.

You've Got Some Nerve: Initial Management of Iatrogenic Nerve Injuries.

Orthopaedic surgery has a higher risk of iatrogenic nerve injury than other surgical specialties. The initial management depends on the etiology, which requires early recognition and an appreciation for the injury. Three perspectives are given to guide the surgeon through the initial management of these devastating complications.