The fitness cost of horizontally transferred and mutational antimicrobial resistance in .

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria implies a tradeoff between the benefit of resistance under antimicrobial selection pressure and the incurred fitness cost in the absence of antimicrobials. The fitness cost of a resistance determinant is expected to depend on its genetic support, such as a chromosomal mutation or a plasmid acquisition, and on its impact on cell metabolism, such as an alteration in an essential metabolic pathway or the production of a new enzyme. To provide a global picture of the factors that influence AMR fitness cost, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on a single species, .

Multiplatform metabolomics for an integrative exploration of metabolic syndrome in older men.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of factors associated with risks of developing cardiovascular diseases, is a public health concern because of its growing prevalence. Considering the combination of concomitant components, their development and severity, MetS phenotypes are largely heterogeneous, inducing disparity in diagnosis.

Methods: A case/control study was designed within the NuAge longitudinal cohort on aging.

A split-range acquisition method for the non-targeted metabolomic profiling of human plasma with hydrophilic interaction chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Untargeted metabolomics of human plasma with mass spectrometry is of particular interest in medical research to explore pathophysiology, find disease biomarkers or for the understanding of the response to pharmacotherapy. Since analytical performances may be impacted by the laboratory environment and the acquisition method settings, the objectives of this study were to assess the role of interfering compounds and to propose an acquisition method to maximize the metabolome coverage for human plasma metabolomic analysis. Human plasma samples were processed with liquid/liquid extraction then analysed with HILIC-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Design optimisation for pharmacokinetic modeling of a cocktail of phenotyping drugs.

Our paper proposes a methodological strategy to select optimal sampling designs for phenotyping studies including a cocktail of drugs. A cocktail approach is of high interest to determine the simultaneous activity of enzymes responsible for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, therefore useful in anticipating drug-drug interactions and in personalized medicine. Phenotyping indexes, which are area under the concentration-time curves, can be derived from a few samples using nonlinear mixed effect models and maximum a posteriori estimation.