Preschool impulse oscillometry predicts active asthma and impaired lung function at school age.

Background: Asthmatic symptoms often start during early childhood. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is feasible in preschool children who may be unable to reliably perform spirometry measurements.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the use of IOS in a multicenter, multiethnic high-risk asthma cohort titled the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial.

Early life gut microbiome in children following spontaneous preterm birth and maternal preeclampsia.

The early life microbiome plays an important role in developmental and long-term health outcomes. However, it is unknown whether adverse pregnancy complications affect the offspring's gut microbiome postnatally and in early years. In a longitudinal cohort with a five-year follow-up of mother-child pairs affected by preeclampsia (PE) or spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), we evaluated offspring gut alpha and beta diversity as well as taxa abundances considering factors like breastfeeding and mode of delivery.

The relationship of fetal sex and maternal race and ethnicity with early and late pregnancy C-reactive protein and interleukin-8.

Problem: Promotion of a healthy pregnancy is dependent on a coordinated immune response that minimizes inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Few studies investigated the effect of fetal sex on proinflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy and whether maternal race could impact this association. We aimed to examine whether fetal sex could, independently of maternal race/ethnicity and the condition of pregnancy (normal vs.

Trial of the MIND Diet for Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Older Persons.

Background: Findings from observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may offer protective benefits against cognitive decline, but data from clinical trials are limited. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, known as the MIND diet, is a hybrid of the Mediterranean diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, with modifications to include foods that have been putatively associated with a decreased risk of dementia.

Methods: We performed a two-site, randomized, controlled trial involving older adults without cognitive impairment but with a family history of dementia, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) greater than 25, and a suboptimal diet, as determined by means of a 14-item questionnaire, to test the cognitive effects of the MIND diet with mild caloric restriction as compared with a control diet with mild caloric restriction.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Interact with Region Genotype in Association with Childhood Atopy.

Associations of omega-3 fatty acids (-3) with allergic diseases are inconsistent, perhaps in part due to genetic variation. We sought to identify and validate genetic variants that modify associations of -3 with childhood asthma or atopy in participants in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) and the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC). Dietary -3 was derived from food frequency questionnaires and plasma -3 was measured via untargeted mass spectrometry in early childhood and children aged 6 years old.