Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae.

Background: Glyoxal has been implicated as a significant contributor to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which play a key role in our ability to estimate the impact of aerosols on climate. Elevated concentrations of glyoxal over remote ocean waters suggests that there is an additional source, distinct from urban and forest environments, which has yet to be identified. Herein, we demonstrate that the ocean can serve as an appreciable source of glyoxal in the atmosphere due to microbiological activity.

Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part II: Oxidation of Toluene Derived from the Primary Production of Marine Microorganisms.

Background: Glyoxal has been implicated as a significant contributor to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which play a key role in our ability to estimate the impact of aerosols on climate. Elevated concentrations of glyoxal over open ocean waters suggest that there exists an additional source, different from urban and forest environments, which has yet to be identified.

Methods: Based on mass spectrometric analyses of nascent sea spray aerosols (SSAs) and gas-phase molecules generated during the course of a controlled algal bloom, the work herein suggests that marine microorganisms are capable of excreting toluene in response to environmental stimuli.

Exploring and describing alcohol harm reduction interventions: a scoping review of literature from the past decade in the western world.

Context: Regular alcohol use is a predominant risk factor for disease, injury, and social harm. While robust evidence is advocating for implementing interventions to reduce the harms of illegal substance use, less literature is dedicated to identifying and understanding interventions aiming at reducing the various harms associated with alcohol.

Objectives: This review describes how alcohol harm reduction (AHR) interventions are currently conducted and analyzes the facilitators and barriers identified by the studies on their efficacy.

A study within a trial (SWAT) of clinical trial feasibility and barriers to recruitment in the United Kingdom - the CapaCiTY programme experience.

Background: The CapaCiTY programme includes three, multi-centre, randomised controlled trials aiming to develop an evidence based adult chronic constipation treatment pathway. The trials were conducted in the United Kingdom, National Health Service, aiming to recruit 808 participants from 26 March 2015 to 31 January 2019. Sites were selected based on their responses to site feasibility questionnaires (2014-2015), a common tool employed by sponsors to assess a site's recruitment potential and ability to undertake the trial protocol.

Re-operation following urgent and emergent colectomies: An investigation of indications and utility as a quality indicator.

Background: For urgent and emergent colectomies, return to the operating room is interpreted as a negative quality indicator. We sought to describe indications, procedures performed, and outcomes of patients undergoing reoperation after colectomy.

Methods: Retrospective study of patients undergoing urgent and emergent colectomy with re-operation at a single institution from 2013 to 2023.