Vascular and Osteological Morphology of Expanded Digit Tips Suggests Specialization in the Wandering Salamander (Aneides vagrans).

For over a century researchers have marveled at the square-shaped toe tips of several species of climbing salamanders (genus Aneides), speculating about the function of large blood sinuses therein. Wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans) have been reported to exhibit exquisite locomotor control while climbing, jumping, and gliding high (88 m) within the redwood canopy; however, a detailed investigation of their digital vascular system has yet to be conducted. Here, we describe the vascular and osteological structure of, and blood circulation through, the distal regions of the toes of A.

Androgen Receptors in the Dermal Glands of Male and Female Ouachita Dusky Salamanders.

The presence of androgens in female development is an important, yet often overlooked, topic. We tested for the presence of androgen receptors (ARs) in the dermal glands of male and female , a plethodontid salamander. This species engages in a courtship behavior called the tail-straddling walk.

Levels of Sex Steroids in Plethodontid Salamanders: A Comparative Study Within the Genus .

Derived monomorphism is a condition in which males and females are phenotypically similar, but the similarity is derived. Derived monomorphism typically evolves from sexual dimorphism or from a different monomorphic state. We examined the hormonal basis of derived monomorphism in the salamander genus (Plethodontidae).

Presence of sodefrin precursor-like factor pheromone candidates in mental and dorsal tail base glands in the plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana.

Plethodontid salamanders are well known for their distinct courtship rituals and the associated pheromonal signaling. However, little is known about pheromones produced in the lone Asian plethodontid species Karsenia koreana. Here, we examined the localization patterns of proteins of the sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) pheromone system in K.