Comparison of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted trivalent influenza vaccines in Russian schoolchildren.

In a blinded, placebo-controlled study, the reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of single doses of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccines were compared in 555 schoolchildren in Vologda, Russia. Serial serum samples were collected and school absenteeism was assessed. Systemic reactions were rare, but local reactions (primarily erythema at the injection site) were observed in 27% of the inactivated vaccine group, and coryza (12%) and sore throat (8%) were observed in the attenuated vaccine group.

Clinical and epidemiological evaluation of a live, cold-adapted influenza vaccine for 3-14-year-olds.

Reported is a study of live, cold-adapted (CA) reassortant mono-, di-, and trivalent influenza type A and B vaccines in a series of controlled clinical and epidemiological investigations involving nearly 130 000 children aged 3-15 years. The results of clinical, immunological, and morbidity investigations of the vaccinees and a control group over 6-months' follow-up indicated that the vaccines were completely attenuated by the children. Transient febrile reactions occurred in < 1% of the children after vaccination, including double seronegative individuals with low antibody titres.

Comparison of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren in Russia: I. Safety and efficacy in two Moscow schools, 1987/88.

The performance of two doses of cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine versus one dose of whole-virus inactivated vaccine was compared in 8-15-year-old schoolchildren in two schools in Moscow, Russia, during the winter of 1987/88. Both vaccines gave rise to low frequencies of associated febrile or systemic reactions, but the inactivated vaccine, delivered by jet injector, did cause small local reactions in about half of the children. Immunogenicity was higher for both vaccines in antibody-free children, and higher levels of serum antibody were detected following use of inactivated vaccine.

Free haemagglutinin in inactivated whole virus influenza vaccines.

While studying the haemagglutinin content of whole virus inactivated influenza vaccines by the single radial diffusion test and quantitative electron microscopy, it was found that not all haemagglutinin measured by single radial diffusion was bound to virions, a part of it being in a free state. The influence of unbound haemagglutinin on the immunogenicity of whole virus inactivated influenza vaccine is discussed. In addition, the use of single radial diffusion for the assessment of unbound haemagglutinin is suggested.

Influence of detergents on measurement of influenza A virus haemagglutinin content in inactivated influenza vaccine by single radial immunodiffusion.

The influence of ionic, nonionic and amphoteric detergents or surfactants (SA) on determination of influenza A virus haemagglutinin content in the inactivated influenza vaccine by single-radial-immunodiffusion technique has been investigated. It was found that the action of different SA on IIV in SRID test is dependent on the mode of vaccine production, the procedure of virus inactivation and probably also on the specific structure of the antigen tested. Nevertheless, for nearly all SA used in this work the optimal concentrations (largest precipitation area) ranged from 1 to 2%; lower concentrations (except of amphoteric detergents) failed to yield an optimal effect.