Accounting for sampling heterogeneity suggests a low paleolatitude origin for dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs dominated Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems for ∼160 million years, but their biogeographic origin remains poorly understood. The earliest unequivocal dinosaur fossils appear in the Carnian (∼230 Ma) of southern South America and Africa, leading most authors to propose southwestern Gondwana as the likely center of origin. However, the high taxonomic and morphological diversity of these earliest assemblages suggests a more ancient evolutionary history that is currently unsampled.

Efficacy and Safety Results With Rilzabrutinib, an Oral Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Immune Thrombocytopenia: Phase 2 Part B Study.

Current treatments for persistent or chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are limited by inadequate response, toxicity, and impaired quality of life. The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor rilzabrutinib was evaluated to further characterize safety and durability of platelet response. LUNA2 Part B is a multicenter, phase 1/2 study in adults with ITP (≥ 3 months duration, platelet count < 30 × 10/L) who failed ≥ 1 ITP therapy (NCT03395210, EudraCT 2017-004012-19).

A case study in statistical software development for advanced evidence synthesis: the combined value of analysts and research software engineers.

Background: Since 2015, the Complex Reviews Synthesis Unit (CRSU) has developed a suite of web-based applications (apps) that conduct complex evidence synthesis meta-analyses through point-and-click interfaces. This has been achieved in the R programming language by combining existing R packages that conduct meta-analysis with the shiny web-application package. The CRSU apps have evolved from two short-term student projects into a suite of eight apps that are used for more than 3,000 h per month.

The role of genetic sequencing in the diagnostic work-up for chronic immune thrombocytopenia.

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a heterogenous autoimmune disorder diagnosed by excluding other conditions. Misdiagnosis of primary ITP occurs in patients with inherited thrombocytopenia and primary immunodeficiency syndromes. This study investigates whether genetic testing for inherited thrombocytopenia or primary immunodeficiency can enhance diagnostic accuracy in ITP, and guide treatment strategies.