Use cases of registry-based randomized controlled trials-A review of the registries' contributions and constraints.

Registry-based randomized controlled trials (RRCTs) can combine the advantages of registries with those of randomization. This review aimed to expand the current knowledge on RRCT utilization and implementation by providing a comprehensive overview of RRCT use cases. A targeted literature search was conducted through July 2023 to identify articles on RRCTs.

A systemic approach to identify signaling pathways activated during short-term exposure to traffic-related urban air pollution from human blood.

The molecular mechanisms that promote pathologic alterations in human physiology mediated by short-term exposure to traffic pollutants remains not well understood. This work was to develop mechanistic networks to determine which specific pathways are activated by real-world exposures of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during rest and moderate physical activity (PA). A controlled crossover study to compare whole blood gene expression pre and post short-term exposure to high and low of TRAP was performed together with systems biology analysis.

Effects of Leisure-Time and Transport-Related Physical Activities on the Risk of Incident and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction and Interaction With Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Cohort Study.

Background: Physical activity enhances the uptake of air pollutants, possibly reducing its beneficial effects. We examined the effects of leisure-time and transport-related physical activities on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), and whether potential benefits on MI are reduced by exposure to traffic-related air pollution.

Methods And Results: A group of 57 053 participants (50-65 years of age) from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort reported physical activity at baseline (1993-1997) and were linked to registry data on hospital contacts and out-of-hospital deaths caused by MI, until December 2015.

Short-term transcriptome and microRNAs responses to exposure to different air pollutants in two population studies.

Diesel vehicle emissions are the major source of genotoxic compounds in ambient air from urban areas. These pollutants are linked to risks of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, respiratory infections and adverse neurological effects. Biological events associated with exposure to some air pollutants are widely unknown but applying omics techniques may help to identify the molecular processes that link exposure to disease risk.

Estimated effects of air pollution and space-time-activity on cardiopulmonary outcomes in healthy adults: A repeated measures study.

Background: Exposure to air pollution is known to affect both short and long-term outcomes of the cardiopulmonary system; however, findings on short-term outcomes have been inconsistent and often from isolated and long-term rather than coexisting and short-term exposures, and among susceptible/unhealthy rather than healthy populations.

Aims: We aimed to investigate separately the annual, daily and daily space-time-activity-weighted effect of ambient air pollution, as well as confounding or modification by other environmental (including noise) or space-time-activity (including total daily physical activity) exposures, on cardiopulmonary outcomes in healthy adults.

Methods: Participants (N=57: 54% female) had indicators of cardiopulmonary outcomes [blood pressure (BP), pulse (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV {SDNN}), and lung function (spirometry {FEV, FVC, SUM})] measured on four different mornings (at least five days apart) in a clinical setting between 2011 and 2014.