Prevalence of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania.

Introduction: Hearing impairment is becoming a public health concern and a widespread problem. The World Health Organization estimates that globally there are about 466 million people with hearing impairment, of which 34 million represent children. We examined the prevalence and etiology of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania.

[Ocular manisfestations of systemic disease].

In many cases, patients with systemic diseases may present with a variety of ocular manifestations. The most common of these are "red eye" or a visual disturbance."Red eye" may be the first symptom of a condition from the group of rheumatic diseases and urgently mandates an ophthalmological investigation.

TGF-beta2-induced cell surface tissue transglutaminase increases adhesion and migration of RPE cells on fibronectin through the gelatin-binding domain.

Purpose: Migration and adhesion of dislocated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix is an initial step in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In the present study, the functional role of cell surface tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in adhesion and migration of RPE cells on fibronectin (Fn) and collagen type I (Col I) after stimulation with TGF-beta2 was investigated.

Methods: Cultured human RPE cells were treated with 1.

[Preoperative scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: findings in idiopathic macular foramen].

Background: The aim of our study was a detailed morphological and functional assessment of macular foramen stages II-IV by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and fundus perimetry including a correlation with clinical findings.

Methods And Materials: Included in this prospective study were 78 patients where SLO imaging and fundus perimetry were performed with the SLO-105 (Rodenstock) prior to pars plana vitrectomy for macular foramen on one eye. Both the size and shape the of macular foramen were assessed.

Vitreoretinal surgery: pre-emptive analgesia.

Aim: Vitrectomies are performed either under general anesthesia (GA), local anesthesia (LA), or a combination of both. Postoperative pain is expected to be less in patients with LA because of prolonged action of the local anaesthetic. Pre-emptive analgesia is based on the idea that analgesia initiated before a nociceptive event will be more effective than analgesia commenced afterwards.