The effectiveness of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers: a single-center randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) are often prescribed by orthodontists in the British National Health Service (NHS). There is no good evidence that VFRs are more effective than Hawley retainers. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of Hawley and VFRs over a 6-month period of retention.

Morphometry of paranasal sinus anatomy in chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study.

Objectives: To test the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between anatomical variations around the ostiomeatal complex and a predisposition to chronic rhinosinusitis and to define such variations with increased precision.

Design: Case-control study of anatomical variations in diseased and normal sinuses. Eight homologous landmarks defining the ostiomeatal complex were located on coronal computed tomographic scans, and their x and y coordinates were digitized using image analysis.

Facial growth in patients with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate: a two-center study.

Two groups of 10-year-old patients with complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate were examined in this study. Two centers; Bristol, U.K.

Optical disguising of orbital deformity with prism and cylinder lenses.

This paper describes the way in which prism and cylinder lenses may be used to disguise orbital dystopia when the affected eye is blind. The lenses used can correct the height of the eye, the opening of the eyelids or the rotation or slant of the eye. Four cases are presented to illustrated this technique, which may be used either instead of, or as an adjunct to orbital surgery.