Electron-Deficient Fluoroarene-Mediated Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids.

Fluoroarene-mediated trifluoromethylation of carboxylic acids for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones is disclosed. The fluoroarene activates the acid group and generates the fluoride source for the trifluoromethylation reaction. The present protocol is safe and metal-free, operates under mild reaction conditions, and does not require any external additives to generate trifluoromethyl anion.

Effect of tert-alcohol functional imidazolium salts on oligomerization and fibrillization of amyloid β (1-42) peptide.

Imidazolium based IL's has gained vast interest in developing biological applications. Oligomerization and fibrillization of amyloid β (1-42) peptide are mainly responsible for the extra-neuronal deposition of amyloid fibrils in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report an effect of tert-BuOH-functional imidazolium ILs on oligomerization and fibrillization of amyloid β (1-42) Peptide in vitro.

Tracing the Vedic Saraswati River in the Great Rann of Kachchh.

The lost Saraswati River mentioned in the ancient Indian tradition is postulated to have flown independently of the Indus River into the Arabian Sea, perhaps along courses of now defunct rivers such as Ghaggar, Hakra and Nara. The persistence of such a river during the Harappan Bronze Age and the Iron Age Vedic period is strongly debated. We drilled in the Great Rann of Kachchh (Kutch), an infilled gulf of the Arabian Sea, which must have received input from the Saraswati, if active.

Periodical antibiotic treatment for the control of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among sex workers in Benin and Ghana: a cluster-randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: In resource-poor settings, control of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among female sex workers (FSWs) is difficult. We sought to determine whether periodical antibiotic treatment (PAT) might be effective in controlling these infections among West African FSWs. Secondary objectives were to determine the impact of PAT on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among FSWs and on NG/CT prevalence among their clients.

The complex vaginal flora of West African women with bacterial vaginosis.

Background: The spectrum of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) has recently expanded through taxonomic changes and the use of molecular methods. These methods have yet to be used in large-scale epidemiological studies in Africa where BV is highly prevalent.

Methods: An analysis of samples obtained during a clinical trial of the management of vaginal discharge in four West African countries.